Text, Image, Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Text, Image, Culture - Essay Example Most of the consumers buy televisions to satisfy their need of being connected to the world. Before, small television sets already satisfied this need. However, when the big televisions were introduced, the society began to change their through of being duly satisfied. It came to be that bigger televisions would bring about better self satisfaction level for many consumers. Besides convenience, they are satisfied by the fact that they are able to benefit from the best and most recent innovations of technology, which makes them a part of a modern society. Psychologically, being able to get along with the society is a great benefit in terms of self-satisfaction matters of an individual. Usually, owning large-sized televisions suggest extravagance and luxury. This fact then adds up to the social status of an individual who has the capability to purchase the said type of televisions. Normally, a person who owns a television set that is of a large-size is usually identified as someone who has a better social status than that of the others who own smaller television types. Yes, owning a large television also identifies the financial capability of the consumer. As known to many, large televisions cost higher than that of the smaller ones. This is mainly because of the features that it posses and the elements of entertainment that it offers its viewers. Aside from this, the marketing strategy of the said types of television sets suggest that if consumers buy them, they are to be considered "cool" by the society. As a result, many consumers who buy the said device have the same idealism as they take ownership of the television. On Personal Companionship Many among those who purchase large sized television would want to fulfill their need of having a personal companion. Psychologically, this may be termed as a personal need of having someone or something to fill the void of companionship within a person. More than just the idea of relaxation that the television provides, for many introvert persons who would rather stay at home than mingle with other outside, televisions serves as a personal companion. The certainties of the fulfillment of the said television regarding the said need could be seen in the actual provisions of the television of bringing the world to the house of the television viewer or owner. On Advertising Matters and Social Culture In a world of numerous products offered by different manufacturing companies, advertising strategies used by the business establishments could be both appealing and blinding to the eyes of the consumers. Why is this so This is due to the fact that marketing

Engineering management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Engineering management - Essay Example The oil and gas sector controls approximately 90% of the global economy. The gross domestic product of many oil producing and exporting countries is heavily reliant on the production of these resources [3]. Exploitation of oil and natural gas is done both onshore and offshore and it is then transported from the wells through pipelines to the refineries. Globally, an average of 2500-3000 billion barrels of oil is produced daily and due to the increasing demand for oil and natural gas, production has increased over the years [1]. Due to the increasing exploitation of oil, it is feared that this important resource will eventually be exhausted and there is need to put sustainable measures of exploitation in order to ensure that the economies are not adversely affected. Due to the increased production of oil, more networks of pipelines have been laid out to transport oil between points [3]. Losses of oil due to spillage and theft has increased substantially and this has mainly resulted fr om various factors such as: defects in materials, pipes corrosion, erosion on the ground, vandalism of oil facilities and the tectonic forces occurring due to movement of tectonic plates. The impact of these occurrences can be fatal since they result into environmental pollution, massive fires and if the spillage occurs onshore, marine life is greatly endangered [2]. Nigeria is the leading country in oil theft and spillage. Oil spillage results from corrosion of pipes, poor maintenance of the oil and gas facilities, sabotage, failure of equipment and theft. Multinational companies such as shell that have heavily invested in the country have lost millions of dollars due to oil spillage costing the economy one billion dollars every month [2]. The government of Nigeria has enacted laws to curb oil theft and spillage which enforce heavy

My Eldest Cousin Essay Example for Free

My Eldest Cousin Essay Many people admire singers, movie stars, who make so much money that they could do everything they want and are famous. However, they don’t even know the person or their personality whom they admire. To me, admiration is a kind of respect. But there aren’t a lot of people who deserve this sort of respect from me in this world. Respecting my parents who raised me is the important thing that I have to do for the rest of my life. Besides my parents, my eldest cousin is the only person who made me look at things differently. He is two years older than me. His name is Khoi. I can remember when I was a high school kid. My family used to live in a rural town that was far away from my school. For convenience, I had to stay temporarily in my aunt’s house for studying. My aunt has only one son who is my eldest cousin. He has curly hair, tall with dark skin and his body was built with muscle. Those things made him look extremely strong. I could imagine that he is like a stone, like Bruce Lee. He was very good at sports. Read more:  Most admirable person  essay Playing basketball was his favorite one. Whenever he played, his team won most of the time. It was interesting to observe how extremely emotionally involved he was in the game. He had many fans in our school, many people liked him. I can remember one of his games. His team was down by three points and they had only five seconds left, he had the ball from a teammate and then he made a three pointer to make the game in a tie. They went over time. Finally, his team won by five points. After finishing the game, some of his fans carried him and ran around the basketball court for celebrating. Sport was always for him a source of fun, emotions, experiences, which are important ingredients in his spiritual life. Not only he was very good at sports, but also his knowledge was broad. He was the person who had the highest grades in the school. All teachers loved him, they always told us â€Å" Khoi is a good student, he deserves to be the person for you to learn from†. He did too great in the school. Consequently, few people hated him because they were jealous. Despite of the fact that he was a good student in our school, he wasn’t haughty. He always thought that he had to learn more and more every day even though he was only 18 years old by that time. At home, he was also a good son. He always respected his parents and elders. He helped his mother to clean house, wash dishes, mop floors more and more†¦ He also helped me on my homework, helped me whenever I got in troubles. Our neighbors liked him too. One of our neighbor talked to his parents and said â€Å"You have a great son, you must be proud of him†. His parents were very happy. My cousin never stopped learning new things. He always got advices from other people even though he had his ideas to solve his problems. He became a business man successfully after finishing his major. He was glad to help everyone who was in our family whenever we had troubles. He taught me about life experience and helped me when I got in troubles. For example, after a long day of work he was really tired and just wanted to go home and took a nap. Instead, he spent time and listened to me about troubles that I had. And then he solved the problems and gave me some advices before taking the shower. In conclusion, I admire my eldest cousin because he taught me about life, and tried to help me when I needed him. He is the greatest person that I’ve ever known. He is the person that I would like to learn from. He advised me that I need to treat people respectfully; I should not stop learning new things and try to help people if they need me. Otherwise, my life will be meaningless.

The Conclusion Of The First World War History Essay

The Conclusion Of The First World War History Essay At the conclusion of the First World War, Italy was riddled with chaos. This disorder was caused primarily by the belief that Italy was not adequately paid for aiding the Allies at the conclusion of the war. Italy expected to be rewarded with large expanses of territory from the defeated nations for its services. But it did not. In fact, under the charter of the League of Nations and the various peace treaties, Italy only gained territory from turkey when other nations whom they saw as inferior gained more land and more resources. Mussolini and his rapidly growing supporters capitalised on this and it was during this time Mussolinis fascist views spread throughout the country. Due to his military service during the war, Mussolini already had a large amount of support from military veterans and the lower classes in Italian society. He also had support of the business class for fear of a communist style regime that would see their profits lost. This capitalisation was the first of many political successes that would befall Mussolini and his soon to be fascist government. The next political success that occurred was Mussolinis solidification as Italys leader. This occurred in the late 1920s when Gabriele DAnnunzio and his supporters were forced out from Fiume. DAnnunzio was labeled as the John the Baptist of Italian Fascism  [1]  and Mussolinis style of leadership was rather like that of DAnnunzio during his occupation of Fiume and his leadership of the Italian Regency of Carnaro  [2]  . Aspects of this style were seen throughout Mussolinis time in power and frequently à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦included the balcony address, the Roman salute, the cries of Eia, eia, eia! Alala!, the dramatic and rhetorical dialogue with the crowd, the use of religious symbols in new secular settings  [3]  . Once Mussolini succeeded in driving DAnnunzio out of Fiume, many Italian separatists also embraced Mussolini as their leader as he promoted a strong foreign policy and the annexation of Fiume and Dalmatia. With his position as leader solidified, Mussolini rapidly ga ined power gained power and progressively converted the government into a one-party fascist dictatorship under his leadership. From that time until his death, Mussolinis only interest was in holding on to power. Perhaps, the biggest success for Mussolini and the government were the two organisations they created to control Italy. The first of these organisations was known as the Blackshirts. The Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale or National Security Volunteer Militia was formed in 1923 and was responsible for security of the regime and reported directly to Mussolini. This allowed for complete control over Italy and its subjects  [4]  . The second of these organisations was a secret police force created in 1927, called the Organizzazione di Vigilanza Repressione dellAntifascismo, (Organization for Vigilance and Repression of Anti-Fascism) or OVRA. It was led by Arturo Bocchini with the sole purpose of cracking down on all opponents of the the government and Mussolini as there had been several assassination attempts on his life since his rise to power  [5]  . The OVRA itself was an effective force, but caused fewer deaths of political opponents compared to that of the Schut zstaffel of Nazi Germany and the NKVD of the Soviet Union, the OVRA. This being said, the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦fascists methods of repression were cruel which included physically forcing opponents of Fascism to swallow castor oil which would cause severe diarrhoea and dehydration, leaving the victim in a painful and physically debilitated state which would sometimes result in death  [6]  . This created a state of constant fear of the OVRA and the Blackshirts, both of whom used this method of torture. In 1925, organised crime was rapidly rising in the Sicily and southern Italy. To combat this, the government gave special powers to the prefect of Palermo, Cesare Mori. These powers gave him the ability to prosecute the Mafia, forcing many Mafiosi to flee abroad (many to the United States) or risk being jailed  [7]  . Mori was fired however, when he began to investigate Mafia links within the Fascist regime. He was removed from his position in 1929, and the Fascist regime declared tha t the threat of the Mafia had been eliminated. Moris actions weakened the Mafia, but did not destroy them. Between 1929 and 1943, the Italian government completely abandoned its aggressive measures against the Mafia, and left them relatively undisturbed. The Fascist government had a major success when it came to education, endorsing many new and stringent education policies in Italy throughout the period aimed at lowering illiteracy which was a growing problem in Italy at the time  [8]  . To reduce the number of drop-outs, the government raised the minimum age of leaving school from 12 to 14 years of age and due to the fascist nature of the government, they were able to strictly enforce attendance at school. This was just the first step in their education plan and in 1922, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the governments first minister of education, Giovanni Gentile announced his recommendation that all education policy from this point forward should focus on indoctrination of students into fascism, and to educate youth to respect and be obedient to authority  [9]  . Before this could be realised, the government invoked a concurrent plan to increase and recognise intellectual talent throughout Italy when the government established the Royal Ac ademy of Italy in 1926 to reward, promote and coordinate Italys intellectual success  [10]  . It wasnt until 1929 that education policy took a major step toward that agenda of indoctrination. In that year, the government took control of the authorisation of all textbooks, all school teachers were required to take oaths of loyalty to fascism and children began to be instructed that they owed the same loyalty to fascism as they did to God  [11]  . It then increased in the control set by the government with all university teachers were required to be members of the National Fascist Party in 1933  [12]  , and in the 1930s and 1940s Italys education system was refocused onto the history of Italy displaying Italy as a force of civilization during the Roman era, displaying the rebirth of Italian nationalism and the struggle for Italian independence  [13]  . Also in the late 1930s, the fascist government copied Nazi Germanys education system regarding the physical fitness st udents, and begun demanding that Italians become physically healthy  [14]  . The major success in social policy for the government was the establishment of the Opera Nazionale Dopolavoro (OND) or National After-work Program in 1925 and soon became the states largest recreational organisation for adults. The Dopolavoro as it was known, had no trouble attracting members  [15]  , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦but according to historian Tobias Asbe, while the activities sponsored by the OND were popular with the working class, these activities did not turn workers into ideologically convinced supporters of the Fascist regime was so popular that, by the 1930s, all towns in Italy had a Dopolavoro clubhouse and the Dopolavoro was responsible for establishing and maintaining 11,000 sports grounds, over 6,400 libraries, 800 movie houses, 1,200 theatres, and over 2,000 orchestras  [16]  . When Achille Starace took over as director of the OND in the early 1930s, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ t became primarily recreational; concentrating on sports and other outings and by 1936 the OND had a pproximately 80% of salaried workers as members  [17]  . The OND had the largest membership of any of the mass Fascist organizations in Italy and due to its huge success in Italy, it was the key factor in Nazi Germany creating its own version, the Kraft durch Freude (KdF) or Strength through Joy program, which was even more successful than the Dopolavoro  [18]  . Once in power, Mussolini attempted to alter the countrys economy to work within his fascist ideology. This was his major failure. He immediately began investing in and taking over industrial interests from within the leaders of Italian capitalism. There are two views amongst both historians and economist with regard to Mussolinis economic management, David Baker who discusses this in The New Political Economy There is a messy tangle between economic theory and economic practice which leads to two opposing views either Mussolini had an economic plan, or that he did not, but instead reacted to changes without forward planning  [19]  . Mussolinis first failure was though he did have an economic agenda which was both short and long term in nature, he attempted to completely change the economy in one phase. The government had two major tasks, one, to modernise the economy, and two, to improve the countrys dire lack of resources. To attempt these tasks, the government stimulated devel opment through creating a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦modern capitalistic sector in the service of the state, intervening directly as needed to create collaboration between the industrialists, the workers, and the state  [20]  . This was achieved by removing class and implementing corporations and in the short-term the government worked to reform the widely-abused tax system, dispose of inefficient state-owned industry, cut government costs, and introduce tariffs to protect the new industries  [21]  . The governments second failure was that it started to sell off legislative monopolies. The first of these was the 19 April 1923 law which transferred life insurance policy from a state run company to private enterprise. This effectively cancelled à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the 1912 law which had created a State Institute for insurances and which had envisioned to give a state monopoly ten years later  [22]  . By doing this the government lost one sector of income it rely on and with a rapidly growing inflation Up until 1925 the country enjoyed modest growth but structural weaknesses increasing rate of inflation the value of currency slowly dropped. Then in 1925 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the Italian state abandoned its monopoly on telephones infrastructure, while the state production of matches was handed over to a private consortium of matches producers  [23]  . This led to increase in speculation against the strength of the lira. This then caused the government to intervene and De Stefani, the fin ance minister à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦was sacked, his program side-tracked, and the Fascist government became more involved in the economy in step with the increased security of their power  [24]  . The great depression of the early 1930s was the third major economic failure to beset the Italian government. As companies came close to failure, the policy of the government was for banks to buy out the companies. This was largely an illusionary bail-out as the funds used to pay for the purchases were largely worthless and this led a financial crisis which peaked in 1932 and led to the need for major government intervention  [25]  . After the bankruptcy of the Austrian Kredit Anstalt in May 1931, Italian banks followed, with the bankruptcy of the Banco di Milano, the Credito Italiano and the Banca Commerciale  [26]  . In response to this, the state created three financial management institutions funded by the Italian treasury which were designed to buy back all the debt made by the failed banks. This aid was in the form of $5.5 billion and was to be paid back within ten years. Throughout the period of 1923 and 1939, there were a number of decisions that Benito Mussolini and his fascist government of Italy made that led to both successful and unsuccessful ventures. They were successful with implementing a number of new political policies through taking advantage of the circumstances and solidifying Mussolinis position in as leader and creating new powerful policing agencies that answered directly to them and through exerting fear into the populous. Once their position was solidifies they then commencing working on the education standards of Italy and through the fascist influence increased the literacy rate of the country and also the support of their movement by the students and teachers of the school. The government also built support up through their introduction of the OND, a social organisation that grew to include over 80% of salary workers. Though this being said, their major failure was their inability to manage funds appropriately. The economy of t he country wasnt great when they came to power, and they then attempted to achieve too much too quickly and send the economy into a downward spiral once they sold off their monopolies and then failed to act appropriately when the great depression hit the country. All in all, there were a number of both successes and failures that the Italian fascist government had during the inter war years of 1923 to 1939.

Conrad’s Congo Journey :: Biography Biographies Essays

Conrad’s Congo Journey Joseph Conrad’s own experiences during his trip through the Congo helped him provide a foundation for the writing of Heart of Darkness. In 1890, Conrad took a job as a captain on the river steamer Kinshasa. Before Conrad took this job, he had worked for the French merchant navy as a way to escape Russian military service and also to escape the emotional troubles that had plagued him. Conrad had been in a financial crisis that was resolved with help from his uncle. After this series of events, Conrad joined the British merchant navy at the beckoning of his uncle and took the job as the captain of a steamboat in the Congo River. An important fact to remember is that Conrad was a young and inexperienced man when he was exposed to the harsh and dangerous life of a sailor. His experiences in the West Indies and especially in the Belgium Congo were eye opening and facilitated his strong outlooks that are reflected in the book Heart of Darkness. Conrad’s journey th rough the Belgian Congo gave him the experiences and knowledge to write about a place that most Europeans would never see in their lives. The diaries Conrad kept during his journey through the Congo gives detailed descriptions of the monotonous African landscape. Conrad wrote that the landscape of the African coast looked the same every single day.[1] This is reflected in Marlow’s narration of the jungle where shapes and forms cannot be made out clearly. The monotonous landscape differed from what Conrad had expected of this exotic location. When he was still a young kid, he had once boasted that he would someday journey to the heart of Africa. However, the actual journey was not at all what he expected it to be. Conrad was shocked at the men in the African colony. He was repulsed by the European colonizers because of the horrible treatment of the natives as well as the unlawful aggressive pursuit of loot. Conrad witnessed atrocities committed by the European colonizers, which helped to form his opinions on the colonization of Africa. In the novel, Conrad uses sarcasm to display his displeasure towar ds the European colonizers’ treatment of the natives. The Europeans in the book are called pilgrims and the natives are called cannibals, however the pilgrims are the ones who are much more willing to use force to resolve their problems.

Public Policy – Agricultural credit

Agricultural policy is a set of rules that are related to domestic agriculture and imports of food products. The governments of every state implements these set of rules with the aim of brining about a sound stability in the domestic agriculture   markets and to protect the interest of the farmers from supply levels, price rise, land use and agricultural subsidies.The agricultural subsidies, loans and other forms of credits that are offered to the farming community is money paid to them at subsided rates in order to help them overcome the issues of rising maintenance   and production costs, supplement their incomes, and protection from inflations.For example, the United States Agricultural department, reviews its policies every two years and agrees to subsidize a dozed commodities every two years. Between the period of 1996 and 2002, an average of $16 billion/year credit was paid to the farmers at subsidized rates.According to the people who favor agriculture credit to farmers, t he credit policies and agricultural subsidies offer farmers extra income and market protection.It also helps the farmers to compete in the international market For example, in the year 2002, the United States paid an extra 52 cents for every bushel of wheat, and at the same time also promised a price of 3.86 from 2002–03 and 3.92 from 2004–2007.Experts who oppose these agricultural policies laid down by the government, argue that the farmers do not need such grants as they have already got a fair deal. They continue that there are equivalent risks in other business as in agriculture, so why is the farming community given more benefitsBACKGROUND –The main aim of this paper is to study the public policies towards the Agriculture credit and the future prospect of funds and other lending programs that can be available for the agricultural banks. It is believed that these federal policies related to agriculture credit can lend an important role in determining the sta nd of the different lenders in financing the agriculture sector.Credit has become a significant instrument of the agricultural policies and most of these policies with time have given guaranteed competitive loan rates on these funds, thereby giving a helping hand in the process of transformation of the agricultural sector into a highly modernized and capital efficient one.Most of the farmers are dependent upon the funds for their yearly production and also to own land and the figures show a substantial rise in the level of debts as the inflation rises.The paper gives an introduction to some of the policies and then reviews the prospects and the general credit conditions along with the role of Federal, involvement.Also discussed here is the ability of these funding institutions to fund the growing needs of the agriculture sector and how can these credit policies make a positive effect on the sector. These policies contribute heavily in the price determination of land prices and absor ption of farm ownership and production.The paper also discusses the altered arrangement and economic character of the agriculture sector which is proposed in order to reconsider the role of public agencies which offer credit to the farmers.INTRODUCTIONMost the recent agriculture credit programs actually originated after the First World War, when the incomes of the farming community were not stable and unsure.At that time lending money was not considered to be safe enough by both the farmers and the lenders as farming became a suspicious sector. With these developments, the farmers faced lot of problems in receiving funds and gave higher interest rates than other borrowers anywhere.Soon, the need of a Farm credit system was established which included the involvement of Federal Land Banks, Federal Intermediate credit Banks, Banks for cooperatives and other agencies related to the Farmers Home Administration which helped to greatly increase the flow of funds into the farmer community.A t almost the same time, many other programs and initiatives for the farmers to increase their income and reduce the risk in the farming sector by bringing about price stabilization and making farm lending more easy than before were brought about by the government.The easier terms and conditions on which the farmers were able to borrow money and could get finance for industrialization of their farms favored the reform to a highly productive and capital intensive farming sector.Today credits have become the backbone of the rise of the farming sector and major reasons that are behind the increase in the behavior of the farmers to borrow money are the uncomplicated funding issues, high production expenses, increase in land prices, machinery and the willingness to increase the size of their production capability.The high production expenses have decreased the funding capability of the farmers to utilize their own money.Within a span of 30 years, the debt of the farming sector had increas ed by an overwhelming figure of $13 billion in 1950 to an anticipated $158 billion on January 1980’s, along with the increase in the value of the farm assets of the farmers which had considerably doubled during that period.The farmers slowly become more sensitive to the changes and fluctuations that occurred in the cash flow, interest rates, and costs of debt service to them. This led to an increase in the borrowed funds by the farming community and decrease in the net farm incomes, thereby increasing the net debt burdens on the farmers.In a number of regions across the United Stated, which are located along the north and the western edges of the corn belt,   most of the commercial banking institutions, most interestingly the country banks have come through two years of a reasonably high loan-to -deposit ratios, which brought about a number of liquidity problems for the farmers at some point of time.In most of these districts the commercial banks and other funding instituti ons were not able to meet the growing needs of the farmers and thereby the interest rates grew by a phenomenal rate.It was estimated that the farm production expenses will rise by more than double the price and subsequently the funds that will be needed to satisfy this demand will grow by more than $250 billion in the coming 10 years as compared to a total expense of $140 billion during the 1980’s.According to these figures, it was estimated that the farming community will have to borrow most of the money and it was estimated that the farming debt would be around $700 billion by the end of the year 2000.At the same time, the asset value of the farmers will also increase to $3.5 trillion and the ratio between the debts to asset values will not rise higher than 17%.The increasing and prices, competition of the loan funds, farm prices, can all make it difficult for the farmers and especially those who have no other source of income to subsidize their farming needs. Looking at th is analysis of the trends, some reforms and agricultural policies were introduced.

Essay on Painting and Philosophy

Essay on Painting and Philosophy Essay on Painting and Philosophy Essay on Painting and PhilosophyUnder the great impact of various brand-new ideologies that appear in the late 19th and earlier 20th century, the styles and the manners of art are changing and the cohesive group with previous art interests splits apart. The new mode of the artistic expression has begun to develop, an emphasis on decorative forms of artworks in place of the realistic representation gradually. Art as one of the most particular platforms empowers people to demonstrate the reality as well as to express the individual cognitive. In either way people treat arts as an efficient resource to define the term of â€Å"Reality†. Artists from late 19th and earlier 20th century manipulated naturalistic forms to reflect what they conceptualized to be â€Å"their realities†. The examination of decorative forms (colors, brushworks and Proportion/depth) that applied in specific paintings would provide the evidence of how artists interrupt the realities with their concept s and impression.Colors and Van Gogh  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Color is one of the most crucial components in the process of establishing the art style. According to Andrew and Markus’s theory of the Color-in-Context[1], color have 3 properties, which are hue, lightness and saturation. These three properties not only provide the aesthetic value of the color but also with the functional value. Basically, it means color shouldnt be seen as the simple representation of the reality but the ideology or the cognitive that people attempting to present. Vincent Van Gogh’s artworks always applied the dramatic colors, which demonstrate the representation of his emotional experience. â€Å"The night cafe† is one of his oil paintings from 1888 and the color tone of this painting is standing out because it got plenty of saturated and non-naturalistic colors assembled together. The title of the painting suggests the content suppose to associate with the part icular ‘Night’ time period. However, all the complimentary colors with heavy saturation mess around the reality. Van Gogh increased the intensity of the light in the night cafà © and created a new version of it with his imaginary and manipulation. Because of the bright yellow, saturated red and pure green, everything in the painting provides the spectator a feeling of horror and isolation. Refer to Van Gogh’s letter[2]:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The general effect of beauty of color in nature may be lost in painfully literal imitation; it may be maintained by recreating a parallel spectrum of colorsmuch, everything, depends on my feeling for the infinite variety of tones of the same family†According to Bekker’s idea[3], Van Gogh focused more on the intensity level of his psychological emotion but obscured part of his sensory experience purposely. The inner motion of Van Gogh dominates his production process. He put his atten tion close to the beauty of color and exaggerated the great effect the color has. Also, Van Gogh did interrupt the reality with his individual feelings, and meanwhile, this individual concept empowers him to depict the idea of how he sees the world and in his words, to maintain â€Å"the beauty of color in nature†.Depth and Proportion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the journal â€Å"On the origin of the world: ‘Expressionism’†, Donald developed the idea about the expressionism that Matisse carried in his work is reflecting an individual creative process, which covered both the result of naturalistic and pictorial.[4] Through this creative process, color and brushwork definitely play the crucial roles but the proportion of the artworks is important as well. The oil painting â€Å"Joy of life† which was done by Henry Matisse from 1906 shows how he represents the nature instead of copying it in the aspect of Proportion.[5] â€Å"Joy of life† is the painting focused on the flatness of the space by compressing multiple levels into a single platform. Regarding to Werth Margaret’s analyze of this painting, she conceptualized the proportion of the painting is divided into three different bands and has â€Å"both triangular and circular† composition.[6] All the components and figures in the painting are organized to guide the spectator’s eye toward the opening centre in the painting. Matisse recreated the reality and interrupted his individual concepts into the nature to express â€Å"his reality† to the spectators.Brushwork is the index of artists’ manipulation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Based on Michael Newall’s study[7], visible brush marks on the painting would always be the evidence to trace the artistic movement from the artist. In another word, brushwork has the same function as the beats in a piece of music, which acts as indexes to guide spectato r going through artists’ inner world. As one of the establishers of Fauvism, Henry Matisse abandoned the naturalistic style of art expression and applied the controversial movement in his works. â€Å"Woman with the hat† from 1905 is one of the earliest Fauvism painting which done by Matisse. There are two main components in the painting draws people’s attention a lot the harsh brushstrokes and the non-naturalistic color, which was studied in the previous section. In Lauren Tracy’s journal, â€Å"Matisse emphasized the depiction of idea and feeling rather than the representation of reality, and his works served as an important shift toward the highly abstract artistic movements looming on the horizon.†[8] The free-roaming brush works that applied on the painting presents the direction of the artist’s movement with hands and arms. Bold outline of the figure demonstrates less accuracy of the reality but more depict of Matisse’s idea and emotion. This painting’s background is basically created with several color layers, for example a patch of green simply attached with the pink color on the right side of the woman. Matisse didn’t keep his eye on the delicate transaction between different colors but leave them as the separated color palettes with wild brush marks. He is presenting the reality that he sees in the world.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From Michael’s points of view: â€Å"That the action painter’s brushstroke was expressive of the painter’s mental state at the time of its application quickly became subject to the kind of objections that put paid to the expression theory of art.†[9] There are various ways for artists to express themselves but brush mark is the form could be identified with the dynamic movement that the artists made while they are creating artworks. Though those dynamic brushstrokes, the artists’ personalities and their mental stages could be presented and connected.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the later 19th century and earlier 20th centuries, artists are facing the great changes from the previous art interests to the new art expression, which focus on using the decorative forms to demonstrate the particular points of view that artists have towards the reality. Specifically, colors, proportion and the brushwork in the painting are not only presenting the aesthetic value but the function value as well. Those components of decorative form connect the nature to the artists’ manipulation of the reality and show the spectator the emotional level of artworks.[1] Andrew J.Elliot, Markus A. Maier, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Chapter two- Color-in-Context Theory (Elsevier Inc. 2012) 61-125http://ac.els-cdn.com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/B9780123942869000020/1-s2.0-B9780123942869000020-main.pdf?_tid=0e7ab44e-6ee3-11e4-ab60-00000aacb362acdnat=1416288400_4aba50b 425480bde8c969ab4e9df7a4c[2] Bejjer, K G; Bekker, A Y, Color and Emotion- a Psychophysical Analysis of Van Gogh’s work. (University of Florida, 2009)http://search.proquest.com/docview/894124164?accountid=14771.[3] Ibid.[4] Donald E. Gordon, On the Origin of the Word Expressionism- Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes (The Warburg Institute, 1966) 371[5] Ibid. 370[6] Werth Margaret, The joy of life : the idyllic in French art, circa 1900, (2002),163[7] Michael Newall, Painting and Philosophy (Philosophy Compass, 2014) P.231http://journals1.scholarsportal.info.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/pdf/17479991/v09i0004/225_pap.xml[8] Lauren Tracy, Woman With a Hat by Henri MatisseBeauty and the Wild Beasts (JAMA Facial Plast Surg, 2014) 81-82[9] Ibid. 232